Other names:

What:
Esseneca (east), 1775- McCall and 30 men sent to arrest Cameron, several killed both sides.
Esseneca (east), 31 July 1776, Williamson's men ambushed by Cherokee and Loyalists. Cherokee driven across river.
Esseneca (west), 1 Aug 1776, Williamson's men burned town and 6000 bushels of corn
Hopewell Treaty, 28 Nov 1785

Where:
34.6531745, -82.8393464, Hopewell, home of Andrew Pickens from 1787 to 1802.
34.65574, -82.84205, Hopewell treaty monument (Treaty Oak Monument)
34.66892, -82.85047, Fort Rutledge marker per JP
34.6744903, -82.8487876, Esseneca (east) (Clemson practice fields)
34.67434, 82.86105, Esseneca (west)

Maps: [map notes]

• 34.6531745,-82.8393464, Hopewell
• ACME Mapper.
• National Map
• Google.
• Confidence: 5

• 34.65574,-82.84205, Hopewell treaty monument (Treaty Oak Monument). Treaty, 28 Nov 1785
• ACME Mapper.
• National Map
• Google.
• Confidence: 5

• 34.66892,-82.85047, Fort Rutledge marker per JP
• ACME Mapper.
• National Map
• Google.
• Confidence: 5

• 34.6744903,-82.8487876, Esseneca (east) (Clemson practice fields)
• ACME Mapper.
• National Map
• Google.
• Confidence: 1

• 34.67434,82.86105, Esseneca (west)
• ACME Mapper.
• National Map
• Google.
• Confidence: 1

• The dates of the historical events in the above summary require more study. Few sources searched show the same dates or events or outcomes.

• The exact location of Fort Rutledge is not known. Candidates:
  1. At site of present "mini-fort"
  2. At site of Tillman Hall on the Clemson Campus, per Daniel Barefoot.
  3. Near present sewage facilities
  4. On hill overlooking the river.

• "Names in South Carolina, Winter 1971:
  

  " "But how was the original Fort Hill so named. From previous issues of Names in South Carolina we learn that it came into the possession of John C. Calhoun, who changed its name from Clergy Hill to Fort Hill. "Still I was at a loss to what fort it was. Eventually I was able to unravel it and to discover that in 1776 Colonel Andrew Williamson in command of the forces here applied to Governor (President) John Rutledge of South Carolina for funds and authority to erect a defensive fort here. His request was granted: the fort was built and named Fort Rutledge in honor of the governor. "Remnants of this fort remained after the war. Early owners of the plantation on which they were located named it Fort Hill for this reason. The hand- some mansion still remains a veritable show place on the Clemson Campus. There is an historical marker on the site which reads: `Site of Fort Rutledge, erected in 1776. This memorial is raised by the Trustees of Clemson College at the request of the Andrew Pickens Chapter, D.A.R., 1908." "

• Emory Washington, Clemson Univ. Tiger Newspaper, 4-Dec-1952, "Fort Rutledge

  " On August 16, 1776 work was [begun] on a fort situated on the site of Essenecca, one of the vanquished Indian towns. This fort was to be later, named Fort Rutledge in honor of President Rutledge.. Its existence, with its permanent garrison of three hundred troops, substantially removed the Indian threat from northwestern Carolina for the remainder of the Revolutionary War.
  ...
  The old fort has long disappeared, crumbled through the years to dust. In 1908 the Andrew Pickens Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution had erected a miniature fort in the pasture southwest of "Lovers Lane" in the Seneca River bottoms.

  Few students ever see this small gray stone building now as the pasture is enclosed by a fence. When constructed, the replica was thought to be on the site of the original fort. However, evidence today seems to indicate that the old Fort Rutledge was on a high bluff overlooking the river a mile away. "

• Mrs. P. H. Mell, "Fort Rutledge of the Revolution, from Revolutionary Reader: Reminiscences and Indian Legends, Published 1913 Byrd Printing Company.

• "Who Was Andrew Pickens?", USDA.:

  " In 1787, Pickens moved to Seneca and his plantation at Hopewell. About 1802, he moved to the site of the former Cherokee Village Tomassee, near where he had the "ring fight" in 1776 and built a plantation which he named after the village. Pickens lived at Tamassee until 1817. He remained an elder in the Presbyterian Church and was the first United States congressman from the Pendleton District. "

• "Treaty of Hopewell with the Cherokees November 28, l785"

• Edward McCrady, The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775-1780, Published 1901 Macmillan & Co., ltd., p.189ff., p.196-197.

• Hopewell: World Wind, USGS 1m Ortho: 34.6531745, -82.8393464

• Hopewell Treaty Oak Monument, USGS Clemson (SC) Topo Map: 34.65574, -82.84205

• JP: Ft Rutledge Mkr: 34.66892, -82.85047

• Esseneca:
  • Cherokee Prayer Initiative Site Guide:
    

    " X 29. Seneca, or Esseneca
    Clemson Botanical Gardens and Practice Fields
    New town, built after war of 1760, settled by Lower and Middle Town Refugees
    1775- Population 500, houses on both sides of river; town house and Chief's house on western shore
    1775- Council of Safety sent McCall and 30 men to arrest Cameron, which led to a skirmish with four soldiers and several warriors killed
    7/31/1776- Williamson's men were ambushed there by warriors and loyalists. Cherokees were driven back across the river.
    8/1/1776- Williamson's men crossed the river and burned the town along with six thousand bushels of corn.
    11/18/1785- [sic] Treaty of Hopewell signed at Picken's Hopewell plantation, near the town "

  • SC Botanical Garden map. (Not used).

  • Clemson University map

  • World Wind, USGS 1m Ortho (visually):
    SC Botanical Garden, 34.6737189, -82.8214463 (not used)
    Practice fields, 34.6744904, -82.8487877

  • Esseneca (west), arbitrary location across river from practice fields.

• South Carolina Highway Historical Marker Guide:

  Hopewell/Hopewell Indian Treaties historical marker SC Historical Marker 39-4:
  

  " (Front)Hopewell
  Hopewell was the family home of General Andrew Pickens, Revolutionary War hero and Indian commissioner, and his wife, Rebecca Calhoun Pickens. The son, Andrew Pickens, S.C. governor, 1816-1818, later owned Hopewell, and it was the childhood home of his son, Francis Wilkinson Pickens, S.C. governor, 1860-1862.

  (Reverse) Hopewell Indian Treaties
  Three hundred yds. NW on November 28, 1785, U.S. treaty commissioners, Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin & Lachlan McIntosh, met with 918 Cherokees and signed the first treaty between the United States of America and the Cherokee Nation. Similar treaties were signed here with the Choctaws and Chickasaws on January 3 and 10, 1786. Erected by Foundation for Historic Restoration in the Pendleton Area - 1966 [8] "

  Old Stone Church SC Historical Marker 39-4:
  

  " Old Stone Church Graveyard Among the graves here are those of ...Andrew Pickens and Robert Anderson, Revolutionary War heroes, and other veterans of the Revolutionary War. ...General Anderson's remains were moved here in 1958 from his plantation. "

  Located on US76 at the church, about a mile above the Anderson Co./Pickens Co. line.

• Joan E. Majtenyi, compiler, Andrew Pickens, Oconee County Historical Society, 1992:

  Hopewell Treaty Monument
  

  " HOPEWELL, KEOWEE Home of General Andrew Pickens where in 1785, under Treaty Oak, a compact with the Indians was signed securing peace for the white settlers of the upcountry.
  Replaced by the Foundation for Historic Restoration in the Pendleton Area - November (year unreadable from photograph). "

• RevWar75  
  listing. 7/1/1776 Seneca. Shown as British victory.
  listing. 8/1/1776 Seneca (Oconore Creek, Essenecca Ford). Shown as British victory.

Related sites: Andrew Pickens grave, Old Stone Church

Confidence level: See above.